The relationship between the haemoglobin concentration and the haematocrit in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Identifieur interne : 008542 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 008541; suivant : 008543The relationship between the haemoglobin concentration and the haematocrit in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Auteurs : Sue J. Lee [Thaïlande] ; Kasia Stepniewska [Thaïlande] ; Nicholas Anstey [Australie] ; Elizabeth Ashley [Thaïlande] ; Karen Barnes [Afrique du Sud] ; Tran Quang Binh [Viêt Nam] ; Umberto D'Alessandro [Belgique] ; Nicholas Pj Day [Thaïlande, Royaume-Uni] ; Peter J. De Vries [Pays-Bas] ; Grant Dorsey [États-Unis, Ouganda] ; Jean-Paul Guthmann [France] ; Mayfong Mayxay [Laos] ; Paul Newton [Laos] ; Francois Nosten [Thaïlande] ; Piero Olliaro [Royaume-Uni, Suisse] ; Lyda Osario [Colombie] ; Loretxu Pinoges [France] ; Ric Price [Thaïlande] ; Mark Rowland [Royaume-Uni] ; Frank Smithuis [Pays-Bas] ; Robert Taylor [Suisse] ; Nicholas J. White [Thaïlande, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Malaria Journal [ 1475-2875 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Malaria is a very important cause of anaemia in tropical countries. Anaemia is assessed either by measurement of the haematocrit or the haemoglobin concentration. For comparisons across studies, it is often necessary to derive one measure from the other.
Data on patients with slide-confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria were pooled from 85 antimalarial drug trials conducted in 25 different countries, to assess the haemoglobin/haematocrit relationship at different time points in malaria. Using a linear random effects model, a conversion equation for haematocrit was derived based on 3,254 measurements from various time points (ranging from day 0 to day 63) from 1,810 patients with simultaneous measurements of both parameters. Haemoglobin was also estimated from haematocrit with the commonly used threefold conversion.
A good fit was obtained using Haematocrit = 5.62 + 2.60 * Haemoglobin. On average, haematocrit/3 levels were slightly higher than haemoglobin measurements with a mean difference (± SD) of -0.69 (± 1.3) for children under the age of 5 (n = 1,440 measurements from 449 patients).
Based on this large data set, an accurate and robust conversion factor both in acute malaria and in convalescence was obtained. The commonly used threefold conversion is also valid.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-149
PubMed: 18673575
PubMed Central: 2515851
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Australie, Belgique, Colombie, France, Laos, Ouganda, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, Thaïlande, Viêt Nam, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Grand Londres, Hollande-Septentrionale, Oxfordshire
- Amsterdam, Londres, Oxford
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Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, Mark" sort="Rowland, Mark" uniqKey="Rowland M" first="Mark" last="Rowland">Mark Rowland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I17">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smithuis, Frank" sort="Smithuis, Frank" uniqKey="Smithuis F" first="Frank" last="Smithuis">Frank Smithuis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I18">Médecins sans Frontières, The 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Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok 10400</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stepniewska, Kasia" sort="Stepniewska, Kasia" uniqKey="Stepniewska K" first="Kasia" last="Stepniewska">Kasia Stepniewska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok 10400</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anstey, Nicholas" sort="Anstey, Nicholas" uniqKey="Anstey N" first="Nicholas" last="Anstey">Nicholas Anstey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Menzies School of Health Research and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Menzies School of Health Research and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NT</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashley, Elizabeth" sort="Ashley, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Ashley E" first="Elizabeth" last="Ashley">Elizabeth Ashley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnes, Karen" sort="Barnes, Karen" uniqKey="Barnes K" first="Karen" last="Barnes">Karen Barnes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">University of Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Cape Town</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binh, Tran Quang" sort="Binh, Tran Quang" uniqKey="Binh T" first="Tran Quang" last="Binh">Tran Quang Binh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Choray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Choray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Alessandro, Umberto" sort="D Alessandro, Umberto" uniqKey="D Alessandro U" first="Umberto" last="D'Alessandro">Umberto D'Alessandro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas Pj" sort="Day, Nicholas Pj" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas Pj" last="Day">Nicholas Pj Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok 10400</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I7">Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, Peter J" sort="De Vries, Peter J" uniqKey="De Vries P" first="Peter J" last="De Vries">Peter J. De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I8">Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorsey, Grant" sort="Dorsey, Grant" uniqKey="Dorsey G" first="Grant" last="Dorsey">Grant Dorsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I9">University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="I10">Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Burkino Faso</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Burkino Faso</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I11">Uganda Malaria Surveillance Programme, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Uganda Malaria Surveillance Programme</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guthmann, Jean Paul" sort="Guthmann, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Guthmann J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Guthmann">Jean-Paul Guthmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I12">Epicentre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epicentre</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayxay, Mayfong" sort="Mayxay, Mayfong" uniqKey="Mayxay M" first="Mayfong" last="Mayxay">Mayfong Mayxay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I13">National University of Laos, Laos</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Laos</country><wicri:regionArea>National University of Laos</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I14">Wellcome Trust- Mahosot Hospital- Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Laos</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Laos</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust- Mahosot Hospital- Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newton, Paul" sort="Newton, Paul" uniqKey="Newton P" first="Paul" last="Newton">Paul Newton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I14">Wellcome Trust- Mahosot Hospital- Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Laos</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Laos</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust- Mahosot Hospital- Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olliaro, Piero" sort="Olliaro, Piero" uniqKey="Olliaro P" first="Piero" last="Olliaro">Piero Olliaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I7">Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I15">WHO TDR, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>WHO TDR, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osario, Lyda" sort="Osario, Lyda" uniqKey="Osario L" first="Lyda" last="Osario">Lyda Osario</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I16">Centro Internatcional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro Internatcional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinoges, Loretxu" sort="Pinoges, Loretxu" uniqKey="Pinoges L" first="Loretxu" last="Pinoges">Loretxu Pinoges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I12">Epicentre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epicentre</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Ric" sort="Price, Ric" uniqKey="Price R" first="Ric" last="Price">Ric Price</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mae Sot</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, Mark" sort="Rowland, Mark" uniqKey="Rowland M" first="Mark" last="Rowland">Mark Rowland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I17">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smithuis, Frank" sort="Smithuis, Frank" uniqKey="Smithuis F" first="Frank" last="Smithuis">Frank Smithuis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I18">Médecins sans Frontières, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Médecins sans Frontières</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Robert" sort="Taylor, Robert" uniqKey="Taylor R" first="Robert" last="Taylor">Robert Taylor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I15">WHO TDR, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>WHO TDR, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J" last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 3rd Floor, 60th Anniversary Chalermprakiat Building, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok 10400</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="I7">Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Malaria Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1475-2875</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Malaria is a very important cause of anaemia in tropical countries. Anaemia is assessed either by measurement of the haematocrit or the haemoglobin concentration. For comparisons across studies, it is often necessary to derive one measure from the other.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>Data on patients with slide-confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria were pooled from 85 antimalarial drug trials conducted in 25 different countries, to assess the haemoglobin/haematocrit relationship at different time points in malaria. Using a linear random effects model, a conversion equation for haematocrit was derived based on 3,254 measurements from various time points (ranging from day 0 to day 63) from 1,810 patients with simultaneous measurements of both parameters. Haemoglobin was also estimated from haematocrit with the commonly used threefold conversion.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A good fit was obtained using Haematocrit = 5.62 + 2.60 * Haemoglobin. On average, haematocrit/3 levels were slightly higher than haemoglobin measurements with a mean difference (± SD) of -0.69 (± 1.3) for children under the age of 5 (n = 1,440 measurements from 449 patients).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Based on this large data set, an accurate and robust conversion factor both in acute malaria and in convalescence was obtained. The commonly used threefold conversion is also valid.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Colombie</li><li>France</li><li>Laos</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Viêt Nam</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Californie</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Londres</li><li>Oxford</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Thaïlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lee, Sue J" sort="Lee, Sue J" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sue J" last="Lee">Sue J. Lee</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ashley, Elizabeth" sort="Ashley, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Ashley E" first="Elizabeth" last="Ashley">Elizabeth Ashley</name><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas Pj" sort="Day, Nicholas Pj" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas Pj" last="Day">Nicholas Pj Day</name><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><name sortKey="Price, Ric" sort="Price, Ric" uniqKey="Price R" first="Ric" last="Price">Ric Price</name><name sortKey="Stepniewska, Kasia" sort="Stepniewska, Kasia" uniqKey="Stepniewska K" first="Kasia" last="Stepniewska">Kasia Stepniewska</name><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J" last="White">Nicholas J. White</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Anstey, Nicholas" sort="Anstey, Nicholas" uniqKey="Anstey N" first="Nicholas" last="Anstey">Nicholas Anstey</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Barnes, Karen" sort="Barnes, Karen" uniqKey="Barnes K" first="Karen" last="Barnes">Karen Barnes</name></noRegion></country><country name="Viêt Nam"><noRegion><name sortKey="Binh, Tran Quang" sort="Binh, Tran Quang" uniqKey="Binh T" first="Tran Quang" last="Binh">Tran Quang Binh</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="D Alessandro, Umberto" sort="D Alessandro, Umberto" uniqKey="D Alessandro U" first="Umberto" last="D'Alessandro">Umberto D'Alessandro</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas Pj" sort="Day, Nicholas Pj" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas Pj" last="Day">Nicholas Pj Day</name></region><name sortKey="Olliaro, Piero" sort="Olliaro, Piero" uniqKey="Olliaro P" first="Piero" last="Olliaro">Piero Olliaro</name><name sortKey="Rowland, Mark" sort="Rowland, Mark" uniqKey="Rowland M" first="Mark" last="Rowland">Mark Rowland</name><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J" last="White">Nicholas J. White</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Septentrionale"><name sortKey="De Vries, Peter J" sort="De Vries, Peter J" uniqKey="De Vries P" first="Peter J" last="De Vries">Peter J. De Vries</name></region><name sortKey="Smithuis, Frank" sort="Smithuis, Frank" uniqKey="Smithuis F" first="Frank" last="Smithuis">Frank Smithuis</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Dorsey, Grant" sort="Dorsey, Grant" uniqKey="Dorsey G" first="Grant" last="Dorsey">Grant Dorsey</name></region></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dorsey, Grant" sort="Dorsey, Grant" uniqKey="Dorsey G" first="Grant" last="Dorsey">Grant Dorsey</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Guthmann, Jean Paul" sort="Guthmann, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Guthmann J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Guthmann">Jean-Paul Guthmann</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pinoges, Loretxu" sort="Pinoges, Loretxu" uniqKey="Pinoges L" first="Loretxu" last="Pinoges">Loretxu Pinoges</name></country><country name="Laos"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mayxay, Mayfong" sort="Mayxay, Mayfong" uniqKey="Mayxay M" first="Mayfong" last="Mayxay">Mayfong Mayxay</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mayxay, Mayfong" sort="Mayxay, Mayfong" uniqKey="Mayxay M" first="Mayfong" last="Mayxay">Mayfong Mayxay</name><name sortKey="Newton, Paul" sort="Newton, Paul" uniqKey="Newton P" first="Paul" last="Newton">Paul Newton</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Olliaro, Piero" sort="Olliaro, Piero" uniqKey="Olliaro P" first="Piero" last="Olliaro">Piero Olliaro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Taylor, Robert" sort="Taylor, Robert" uniqKey="Taylor R" first="Robert" last="Taylor">Robert Taylor</name></country><country name="Colombie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Osario, Lyda" sort="Osario, Lyda" uniqKey="Osario L" first="Lyda" last="Osario">Lyda Osario</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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